Who is shorting gold?

Regarding the gold shorts, I've read JP Morgan, HSBC, and Goldman Sachs were shorting gold futures, artificially driving the price down, while at the same time hoarding the physical bullion on the spot market at a lower price. Ironically, JPMorgan Chase and Citigroup analysts are forecasting $2000/oz gold. Looks like manipulation, especially when you factor in a ten-fold increase in short positions. Someone on the inside knew what was going on with Fed easing and tightening.

I'm not sure if it was just big money centers--I think some of the commercial shorts were mining companies themselves. If they short it and the price plummets, they've locked in a profit as the short contracts increase in value when gold declines in price. That's why gold producers use it as a hedge in the case of falling gold prices. If they sell short the futures contracts, and prices rise against them, they are forced to cover at a higher price, but then their gold inventory also increases in value, negating the loss from short sale. In other words, they profit either way--as long as they have the gold in inventory. Without said inventory, they are "naked" and must realize the losses within 5 days--or until they deliver the physical product.

If indeed manipulation is going on, it is not only illegal, it will not be sustainable. Eventually, the Fed won't be able to save the shorts, as physical bullion becomes even scarcer, and buyers insist on delivery, instead of some "shadow" paper delivery against some vault. Gold experienced backwardation for the first time ever in December--the spot price was higher than the forward contracts. In other words, buyers wanted delivery NOW--and would not sell at ANY price, as fear has gripped the markets. Under normal conditions, a contango exists, where forward contracts command higher prices. I think this backwardation is very bullish for gold, and the fact that mints are out of inventory is indicative of that.

Also, I've read statistics where central banks, especially in Europe, are no longer selling their gold inventory. If the Chinese government steps up and purchases tons of gold like they have threatened (their ratios are much lower than the US's and Europe's), that will absorb inventory and drive prices higher also. And India is already the world's largest buyer of gold, up to 20%. With the Pakistan thing going on, I can't imagine them wanting more rupees, instead of gold, which has become the de facto currency.

Bottom line: MV = GDP, and as long as the Fed provides easy credit (interest rates can't get much lower than 0%), and as long as the Treasury prints trillions of dollars, the money supply M will be poised to catalyze inflation. But once the velocity V of capital flows thru the economy, it will provide the stimulus our economy needs, but potentially kicking off hyperinflation. In other words, once bank balance sheets have been restored, they will start lending again. We would have avoided another Great Depression, but God helps us when we get runaway inflation a la the 70's. Having an extra $8 trillion floating around in our economy will prove inflationary, and interest rates will soar. Treasury bondholders with longer maturities will get crushed, as the Fed can only influence short-term maturities (T bills). With higher interest rates, the government won't be able to pay off its huge debt obligations, and we'll have stagnant growth for years. We are experiencing a credit crisis because investment and commercial banks are insolvent. When the markets realize the US government is also insolvent, all hell will break loose. The government has compounded a multi-billion-dollar debt crisis into a multi-trillion debt crisis.

I hope I'm wrong in this logic chain, but this playbook has been repeated many times before when fiat currencies are under attack by central banks. I just don't see any other outcome when your debt is almost as large as the size of your economy.